Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas or myomas) are benign (non-cancerous) tumors that grow in the uterus, composed of smooth muscle and connective tissue. They vary in size, from tiny growths to masses as large as a grapefruit, and can be single or multiple.

Types of Fibroids

Based on location in the uterus, fibroids are classified as:

• Intramural: within the uterine wall

• Subserosal: on the outer uterine surface

• Submucosal: just beneath the inner lining

• Pedunculated: attached by a stalk, either inside or outside the uterus

Who Gets Fibroids?

They’re very common—70–80% of women develop fibroids by age 50. Incidence is higher and often earlier in Black women. Risk factors include genetics, obesity, dietary patterns like high red meat intake, and low vitamin D levels.

Symptoms to Watch For

Many women are symptom-free and may only discover fibroids during exams. When symptoms do occur, they may include:

Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding

• Pelvic pain, pressure, or backache

• Frequent urination or constipation

• Painful intercourse

• Reproductive issues—occasionally affecting fertility or pregnancy

Diagnosis

• Often first detected via pelvic exam, ultrasound, or MRI

Treatment varies based on symptoms:

• Watchful waiting if mild or asymptomatic

• Medications: NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen), hormonal treatments (birth-control, GnRH agonists), or IUDs to manage bleeding

• Minimally invasive procedures:

  • Uterine artery embolization (UAE): blocks fibroid blood flow, effective with shorter recovery

  • Focused ultrasound ablation 

• Surgery:

  • Myomectomy: removes fibroids, preserving fertility

  • Hysterectomy: removal of the uterus, a permanent cure

High-Profile Cases & Awareness

• Lupita Nyong’o recently disclosed fighting uterine fibroids since 2014, removing 30 of them, and is now funding research and advocating for better treatments

• Tennis champion Venus Williams experienced severe pain before discovering fibroids were the cause. After undergoing myomectomy, she’s raising awareness about seeking proper diagnosis and treatment options

Their stories highlight:

• How fibroids can affect day-to-day life—even among elite athletes

• A broader need for improved awareness, earlier diagnosis, and access to less invasive care

Why These Stories Matter

• Fibroids affect majority of women, yet are still under-discussed

• High-profile advocacy helps remove stigma and normalizes healthcare conversations

• Both Lupita and Venus emphasize the importance of women advocating for themselves and exploring all treatment options, not just permanent solutions like hysterectomy

In Summary

• Fibroids are common, non-cancerous uterine growths.

• Symptoms vary widely from mild to debilitating.

• Treatment ranges from monitoring to medication, non-invasive procedures, or surgery.